For the first time ever, a public body has charged individuals with capital crimes in regard to the events of September 11, 2001 in New York City.

The San Diego Citizens' Grand Jury, made up of twenty-three residents of southern California, deemed sixteen individuals as deserving further investigation for the charge of 'Conspiracy to Commit Mass Murder'.

Two were charged per Chief Prosecutor Don Paul's request for Indictment:
Rudolph Giuliani, the former mayor of New York City, and Jerome Hauer, a former Kroll, Inc. executive and the former Director of New York City's Office of Emergency Management.

Fourteen more were charged through the Grand Jury's use of Presentment (a Presentment 'is an accusation issued by a Grand Jury on its own knowledge, without any bill of indictment having been previously drawn up by the prosecutor'--Columbia University Press Encyclopedia):
Thomas Pickard, Michael Cherkasky, George W. Bush, Larry Silverstein, Richard Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Marvin Bush, Wirt Walker III, richard Myers, Ralph Eberhart, L. Paul Bremer, Peter G. Peterson, David Rockefeller and Maurice Greenberg.