Here.

Some researchers have asserted that a thermite compound was used. Thermite is an incendiary "explosive". It very well could have been used in other parts of the building such as on the core columns near the foundation. Since one form of thermite uses iron oxide/aluminum, it appears that its use might avoid casual detection- no signs of a bursting force, byproducts are aluminum and iron that would blend with the steel and aluminum of the building. Because of its non-explosive nature, thermite would not leave a telltale seismic signature.

But for the areas of the building I analyzed, it is clear that high explosives were used and not an incendiary type. The dual rows of explosions documented indicate this. The large cloud volume indicates this. Because thermite melting is a slower reaction than explosives, one would not have the necessary control to guarantee a quick, near simultaneous, symmetrical collapse as is documented.

In my research, I have concluded that HMX, or an explosive with similar properties, was likely used to pull down WTC 1. HMX is a military grade explosive that has been in wide use since the 1940s. It can survive 270 C+ heat without premature detonation or failure. Add fireproofing and it can handle higher temperatures. This explosive has high brisance, excellent for cutting thick steel. RDX, a less powerful cousin of HMX, has been used on steel bridges. A consultant of Controlled Demolition Inc (CDI) once said "RDX, which creates 3 million pounds of pressure per square inch, will slice [steel]... like a "razor blade through a tomato."" HMX also creates large amounts of air volume and has a shock wave that shatters concrete.

This is interesting too:

How much energy did it take to pulverize the concrete? Using an asserted 60/40 steel to concrete ratio, we find that the WTC 1 had 66,667 tons of concrete. Other researches have made estimates upwards to 90,000 tons. Let us take a middle of the road figure of 78,000 tons. This works out to be 709 tons per floor. It has been asserted that the majority of the concrete in the WTC 1 was turned into dust. We will assume conservatively that 40% of concrete was pulverized. Using an asserted 1.5 kwh/ton it takes 426 kwh to pulverize the 284 tons of concrete per floor that is documented as dust.

One finds that of the 2,836 tons of concrete of floors 97-94, 26% was pulverized. Does this match what is documented in the picture data? No. Documented are voluminous amounts of concrete clouds being created. This required energy to BOTH pulverize the concrete AND expel it into clouds. Where is this energy coming from?

AMOUNT OF CONCRETE PULVERIZED

At Floor

Falling Floors

KE Available

Concrete Pulverized

Percent of Floor

97

13

0 kwh

0 tons

0 %

96

14

302

201

28%

95

15

585

390

55%

94

16

216

144

20%

CALCULATION:
709 * 4 = 2836
CALCULATION:
311 - 9 = 302
594 - 9 = 585
225 - 9 = 216
CALCULATION:
28 + 55 + 20 = 103 / 4 = 26%

The purpose of this series of calculations was to determine how much energy of the collapse contributed to air volume. We were unable to get that far. We ran into a problem of not having enough energy to pulverize concrete as documented. Enough concrete was pulverized at floor 95, but what about the other three floors? Picture data shows that concrete was pulverized at floor 97 and that large amounts of concrete were pulverized at floors 96 and 94.

After you subtract energy for other aspects of the collapse, there is really nothing left over to contribute to air volume. From the fire data it can be inferred that 73% of the building area (floors 97-94) was burned out or burning at the time of collapse. Even if accelerated combustion occurred, there was not much fuel available on these floors. In addition, most of the available oxygen that would be used for combustion was expelled when floors collapsed.

But for sake of discussion, let us say the extra 159 kwh of energy at floor 95 created heat to expand the air. The government asserts fires MAY have been 500-600 C. At the time of colapse, fires only burned in 24% of the floors, 98-94. I will use 21 C as the ambient air temperature. The average temperature per floor with fire works out to 148 C.

CALCULATION:
246088 - 36913 = 209175
CALCULATION:
550 * 24 = 13200
21 * 76 = 1596
13200 + 1596 = 14796 / 100 = 148C

Below is information on air. The makeup of air has been generalized to keep analysis simple.

PROPERTIES OF AIR

Makeup

80% N2 (28 g/mol), 20% O2 (32 g/mol)

Average Atomic Weight

28.8 g/mol

Average Heat Capacity

0.24 cal/g

We first determine the weight of air inside floor 97 at ambient temperature. Then we figure out heat created by the kwh energy. Then we figure out the air volume caused by this heat. We use gas laws and its derivatives. We find that 159 kwh created 7,022 cubic meters of air volume. Subtract this from our unaccounted air volume and we get 26,581 cubic meters. Subtract off the original air volume of floor 97 and we get 12,989 cubic meters. We still have almost an entire floor volume of air that is unaccounted for. In addition, we now have any unexplainable for the large amounts of pulverized concrete clouds that there was no energy for. Where is the energy coming from?

sorry out the reformatting of the tables.

Andrew

''Probably even more destructive than actual disinformation agents has been the tendency of some members of the movement to label those who disagree with them as disinformation agents.'' DAVID RAY GRIFFIN, 5 Feb 2007